In this paper, Asymmetric buckling analysis of functionally graded (FG) Circular plates with TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT property that subjected to the uniform radial compression and thermal loading is investigated. This plate is on ELASTIC medium that simulated by Winkler and Pasternak foundation. Mechanical properties of the plate are assumed to vary nonlinearly by TEMPERATURE change. The equilibrium equations are obtained using the classical plate theory (CPT), Von Karman geometric nonlinearity and virtual displacement method. Existence of bifurcation buckling is examined and stability equations are obtained by means of the adjacent equilibrium criterion. The effects of ELASTIC foundation coefficient, thickness to radius, power law index, and TEMPERATURE-dependency of the material properties on critical buckling load of FG plates are presented. The results of the present work have been compared with the results of other investigator and the results of the comparison are very good. It is found that by increasing TEMPERATURE, critical buckling load decreases. It is also concluded that the critical buckling load of (FG) Circular plates increases with an increase in the Winkler and Pasternak constants of ELASTIC foundation.

In this article, the time-DEPENDENT stress redistribution analysis of magneto-electro-ELASTIC (MEE) thick-walled sphere subjected to mechanical, electrical, magnetic and uniform TEMPERATURE gradient as well as moisture concentration gradient is presented. Combining constitutive equations of MEE with stress-strain relations as well as strain-displacement relations results in obtaining a differential equation in which there are the creep strains. At the first step, discounting creep strains in the mentioned equation, an analytical solution for the hygro-thermo-magneto-electro-ELASTIC behavior is achieved at the initial state. After that, the creep stress rates can be achieved by keeping only the creep strains in the differential equation for the steady-state condition. The analysis is done by applying the Prandtl-Reuss equations as well as Norton’ s law in creep behavior modeling. Finally, the history of stresses, displacement as well as magnetic and potential field, at any time, is achieved using an iterative method. Results show that the increase in tensile hoop stress resulted from creep progress must be considered in design progress. In addition, the effect of hygrothermal loading is more extensive after creep evolution.

In this work, thermo – ELASTIC analysis for functionally graded thick – walled cylinder with TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT material properties at steady condition is investigated. The length of cylinder is infinite and loading is consist of internal hydrostatic pressure and TEMPERATURE gradient. All of physical and mechanical properties expect the Poisson's ratio are considered as multiplied an exponential function of TEMPERATURE and power function of radius. With these assumptions, the nonlinear differential equations for TEMPERATURE distribution at cylindrical coordinate is obtained. TEMPERATURE distribution is achieved by solving this equation using classical perturbation method. With considering strain – displacement, stress – strain and equilibrium relations and TEMPERATURE distribution that producted pervious the constitutive differential equations for cylinder is obtained. By employing mechanical boundary condition the radial displacement is yield. With having radial displacement, stresses distribution along the thickness are achieved. The results of this work show that by increasing the order of TEMPERATURE perturbation series the convergence at curves is occurred and also dimensionless radial stress decrease and other stresses with dimensionless radial displacement increase.

In this article, thermo-ELASTIC analysis of a thick hollow cylinder under internal pressure is investigated. The material properties are considered to be TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT and functionally graded in radial direction. This TEMPERATURE dependency caused the heat conduction equations to be nonlinear. The perturbation theory is performed for solving nonlinear heat conduction equations of the cylinder. Arbitrary combined thermal boundary conditions containing TEMPERATURE and TEMPERATURE gradient are considered. As the TEMPERATURE field is extracted, it can be used to solve decoupling thermal stress governing equations. These thermo-ELASTIC equations and related boundary conditions are discretized in strong form using differential quadrature method. Numerical results extracted from the suggested semi-analytical approach in a linear regime are then compared to the existing results. It is depicted that the presented method benefits from the low computational and high convergence behavior. The stress distribution of the cylinder is computed by considering the approximation of the TEMPERATURE in zeroth-order, one-order as well as second-order. In order to achieve proper accuracy, more terms of the perturbation approximation series should be considered for the higher TEMPERATURE difference between the inner and outer surfaces of the cylinder.

The TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT nonlinear mechanical behaviors of functionally graded rectangular plates in the thickness direction resting on Winkler– Pasternak ELASTIC foundation are investigated using the three-dimensional theory of ELASTICity. The material properties are TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT and varied in the thickness direction based on a power-law. Considering the nonlinear Green-Lagrange strain relation, the geometric nonlinearity is taken into account. After obtaining the potential strain, kinetic energies, taking into account the effects of the TEMPERATURE and the ELASTIC foundation, the Hamilton’ s principle is used to derive the nonlinear three-dimensional governing equations and corresponding boundary conditions. To solve the nonlinear free vibration problem, first, the generalized differential quadrature (GDQ) method is used to discretize the nonlinear coupled governing equations in the space domain. Then, the obtained equations are converted to the time-DEPENDENT ordinary differential equations using the numerical-based Galerkin scheme and the time periodic discretization (TPD) are used to discretize them in the time domain. Finally, the arc-length method is employed to find the frequency-response of system. Also, to solve the nonlinear bending problem, by neglecting the effect of inertia and using the arc length algorithm, the maximum deflection versus the applied load is obtained. The effects of different PARAMETERS such as length-to-thickness ratio, Winkler– Pasternak ELASTIC foundation coefficients, uniform and linear TEMPERATURE rises and volume fraction index on the frequency response and maximum deflection of functionally graded plates with various edge conditions are studied.

In this work a rectangular micro heat exchanger with constant hydraulic diameter at various aspect ratios was considered. The pressure drop and thermal PARAMETERS of the micro heat exchanger in laminar flow at different Reynolds numbers (25, 50, 100, 150, 225 and 300) at constant heat flux of 0.3 MWatt/m2 were analyzed and compared. Also, the effect of TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT fluid properties (viscosity, conductivity coefficient) on the pressure drop and the average and maximum TEMPERATURE rise of fluid and thermal resistance of micro heat exchanger were investigated. Finally, a new criterion based on pumping power and transmitted heat per TEMPERATURE gradient unit was proposed as a tool to evaluate micro heat exchangers' performance.

In this study, thermal performance across straight convective-radiative fin with TEMPERATURE DEPENDENT thermal conductivity is considered. The variation of PARAMETERS method (VPM) is adopted to analyze the nonlinear higher order differential equations arising due to thermal conductivity and heat transfer coefficient on TEMPERATURE distribution. Where pertinent PARAMETERS such as thermo geometric and radiation PARAMETERS effect on TEMPERATURE profile are investigated. Result obtained depicts quantitative increase of thermo geometric parameter causes significant increase in TEMPERATURE distribution due to increasing ratio of convective/conduction heat transfer which influence is significant toward fin base. While increasing radiation parameter leads to decrease in TEMPERATURE distribution due to increasing heat transfer from fins surface to ambient environment. Comparative analysis of result obtained in study against literature proves to be in satisfactory agreement. Therefore study provides useful insight to fins operational performance in devices such as radiators, boilers, refrigerator, oil pipelines amongst other heat transfer applications.

The reflection of harmonic waves, like sound or light, has diverse applications, including sonar for object location, understanding seismic waves in geophysics, and even in the human eye's ability to see. The reflection of plane waves with constant material properties is available in existing literature, but very little attention has been given to the TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT modulus of ELASTICity. A novel model is proposed to study the propagation of harmonic plane waves through a nonlocal micropolar medium with TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT material properties. The influence of nonlocality, rotation effects, and the constant magnetic field is also taken into account. The precise formulations of the field quantities are presented and examined using the normal mode approach. The phase lag (TPL) theory is applied to model and solve the governing equations. The effects of rotation, TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT constants, and the nonlocality parameter on the different physical quantities have been examined and displayed graphically. Energy ratios are also computed by using the amplitude ratios. It is concluded that in a nonlocal, rotating, micropolar medium, reflection of harmonic waves provides four coupled quasi-waves, namely, quasi-transverse, quasi-longitudinal, quasi-micro rotational, and quasi-thermal, with different speeds, and the energy ratios and reflection coefficients are affected by nonlocal PARAMETERS, rotation, and micropolarity.

A human host-mosquito vector model for transmission of malaria with inflow of infected immigrants is formulated. The mosquito population includes aquatic stages (eggs, larvae, and pupae) and mature stages which have highly TEMPERATURE and rainfall DEPENDENT life cycles. Model analysis reveals that the model only attains two (2) endemic equilibria,one in absence of the vector population and the other in presence of the vector population. The endemic equilibrium without the mosquito vector population is unstable. The endemic equilibrium with the vector population is locally stable and globally unstable. Numerical simulations of the model reveal that the proportion of infected humans introduced into the community does not significantly change the pattern of malaria transmission.